St. Bernards are famously gentle giants, large, loving dogs with affectionate personalities and an easygoing temperament that makes them wonderful family companions. These dogs need ample space, consistent exercise, and owners who don’t mind a little slobber. In return, they offer loyalty, patience with children, and a calm, friendly presence in the home.

Are St. Bernards Healthy Dogs?

Like most large and giant dog breeds, St. Bernards are generally healthy but are predisposed to certain medical conditions due to their size, growth rate, and genetics. Their massive frame places extra stress on joints and organs, and some breed-specific diseases are more common than in smaller dogs.

Understanding these risks doesn’t mean problems are inevitable, but it does help pet owners recognize early symptoms, seek timely veterinary care, and support long-term health. Below are five of the most common St. Bernard health concerns, explained in detail.

1. Addison’s Disease in St. Bernards

Addison’s disease, or hypoadrenocorticism, occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate levels of essential hormones like cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones play a critical role in regulating metabolism, blood pressure, hydration, and stress response.

Addison’s disease is most often immune-mediated, meaning the body mistakenly attacks its own adrenal tissue. Genetics are believed to play a role, which is why it appears more frequently in certain breeds, including St. Bernards.

Symptoms often develop slowly and can be mistaken for mild digestive issues or fatigue:

• Lethargy or weakness
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Increased thirst

Diagnosis requires bloodwork and confirmation with an ACTH stimulation test. While Addison’s disease is lifelong, it is highly manageable with oral or injectable hormone replacement therapy. With consistent treatment and monitoring, many dogs live normal, active lives.

2. Bloat (GDV) in St. Bernards

Bloat, also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is one of the most serious and life-threatening conditions affecting St. Bernards. It occurs when the stomach fills with gas and then twists, cutting off the blood supply.

St. Bernards have deep, narrow chests, which increases the likelihood of stomach rotation. Eating large meals quickly or exercising soon after eating may further elevate risk.

Symptoms include:

• A swollen or tight abdomen
• Unproductive retching
• Excessive drooling
• Restlessness or pacing
• Sudden distress or collapse

GDV requires immediate emergency surgery. While bloat can’t always be prevented, veterinarians often recommend:

• Feeding smaller, more frequent meals
• Using slow-feeder bowls
• Avoiding vigorous activity around mealtimes

This condition progresses rapidly. Prompt action can be lifesaving.

3. Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer)

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive form of bone cancer that disproportionately affects large and giant dog breeds, including St. Bernards.

Rapid bone growth and increased mechanical stress on long bones are thought to contribute. The condition most often develops in the legs but can occur elsewhere in the skeleton.

Early symptoms to watch for:

• Persistent limping or lameness
• Swelling near a joint or bone
• Pain that worsens over time
• Reluctance to bear weight

Because osteosarcoma is painful and progressive, early veterinary evaluation is critical. Treatment typically involves surgery, sometimes combined with additional supportive therapies. Prognosis varies, and care is often focused on comfort, mobility, and quality of life.

4. Obesity in St. Bernards

Obesity is a common but preventable health concern in St. Bernards and can significantly worsen other conditions, especially joint disease. Excess weight places additional strain on joints and connective tissue, the cardiovascular system and metabolic health.

Over time, obesity can increase the risk of diabetes, arthritis, and reduced lifespan.

Despite their calm demeanor and expressive eyes, portion control is essential. Veterinarians often recommend:

• Breed-appropriate calorie intake
• Regular, low-impact exercise
• Weight monitoring during routine visits

Maintaining a healthy body condition can greatly improve mobility and comfort.

5. Hip Dysplasia and Osteoarthritis in St. Bernards

Hip dysplasia is one of the most common orthopedic conditions in St. Bernards. It occurs when the hip joint doesn’t fit properly into the socket, leading to instability and abnormal wear.

Early signs of hip dysplasia:

• Difficulty rising or lying down
• Stiffness after rest
• Trouble climbing stairs
• Reduced activity or endurance

The condition is largely genetic, though rapid growth and excess weight can worsen symptoms.

Over time, abnormal joint mechanics can lead to osteoarthritis (OA)—a chronic, progressive joint disease caused by cartilage breakdown, inflammation, and pain. OA affects up to one in five adult dogs and is especially common in large breeds like St. Bernards.

Stem Cell Therapies for Canine Osteoarthritis

Stem cell therapy is being studied as part of regenerative medicine, a field focused on supporting tissue repair and restoring balance rather than only managing symptoms.

At Gallant, we`re investigating uterine-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UMSCs) for canine osteoarthritis. These donor-derived cells are collected ethically during routine spay procedures and expanded under FDA-regulated, cGMP-compliant conditions for investigational use.

Research suggests that mesenchymal stromal cells may have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, which could help support joint health and mobility. Stem cells have been most extensively explored for osteoarthritis in dogs.

Gallant is currently conducting FDA-overseen pilot studies evaluating the safety and effectiveness of intravenous allogeneic UMSCs for canine OA.

Be Part of What’s Next in Pet Health

Gallant is advancing ready-to-use stem cell therapies designed to give pets better treatment options tomorrow. Learn how you can get involved.

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