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Stem Cell Therapy References for Canine Osteoarthritis

by Rebecca Windsor DVM, DACVIM
  1. Beerts C, Broeckx SY, Depuydt E, et al. Low-dose xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cells target canine osteoarthritis through systemic immunomodulation and homing. Arthritis Res Ther. 2023;25(1):190. doi:10.1186/s13075-023-03168-7
  2. Black LL, Gaynor J, Gahring D, et al. Effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem and regenerative cells on lameness in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis of the coxofemoral joints: a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, controlled trial. Vet Ther. 2007;8(4):272-284.
  3. Black LL, Gaynor J, Adams C, et al. Effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem and regenerative cells on clinical signs of chronic osteoarthritis of the elbow joint in dogs. Vet Ther. 2008;9(3):192-200.
  4. Cabon Q, Febre M, Gomez N, et al. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Single or Repeated Intra-Articular Injection of Allogeneic Neonatal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Managing Pain and Lameness in Moderate to Severe Canine Osteoarthritis Without Anti-inflammatory Pharmacological Support: Pilot Clinical Study. Front Vet Sci. 2019;6:10. doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00010
  5. Cuervo B, Rubio M, Sopena J, et al. Hip Osteoarthritis in Dogs: A Randomized Study Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue and Plasma Rich in Growth Factors. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(8):13437-13460. doi:10.3390/ijms150813437
  6. Daems R, Van Hecke L, Schwarzkopf I, et al. A Feasibility Study on the Use of Equine Chondrogenic Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Treatment for Natural Occurring Osteoarthritis in Dogs. Stem Cells Int. 2019;2019:4587594. doi:10.1155/2019/4587594
  7. Guercio A, Di Marco P, Casella S, et al. Production of canine mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and their application in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis of the humeroradial joints. Cell Biol Int. 2012;36(2):189-194. doi:10.1042/CBI20110304
  8. Harman R, Carlson K, Gaynor J, et al. A Prospective, Randomized, Masked, and Placebo-Controlled Efficacy Study of Intraarticular Allogeneic Adipose Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2016;3:81. doi:10.3389/fvets.2016.00081
  9. Huňáková K, Hluchý M, Špaková T, et al. Study of bilateral elbow joint osteoarthritis treatment using conditioned medium from allogeneic adipose tissue-derived MSCs in Labrador retrievers. Res Vet Sci. 2020;132:513-520. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.004
  10. Jankowski M, Kaczmarek M, Wąsiatycz G, et al. Expression Profile of New Gene Markers Involved in Differentiation of Canine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Chondrocytes. Genes. 2022;13(9):1664. doi:10.3390/genes13091664
  11. Jiang N, Yang S, Sun Y, et al. The effect of exosomes from canine bone mesenchymal stem cells on IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses in chondrocytes. Cytotechnology. 2025;77(1):27. doi:10.1007/s10616-024-00685-4
  12. Kemilew J, Sobczyńska-Rak A, Żylińska B, Szponder T, Nowicka B, Urban B. The Use of Allogenic Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) Cells in Degenerative Joint Disease of the Spine in Dogs. In Vivo. 2019;33(4):1109-1117. doi:10.21873/invivo.11580
  13. Kiefer KM, O’Brien TD, Pluhar EG, Conzemius M. Canine adipose-derived stromal cell viability following exposure to synovial fluid from osteoarthritic joints. Vet Rec Open. 2015;2(1):e000063. doi:10.1136/vetreco-2014-000063
  14. Kim SE, Pozzi A, Yeh JC, et al. Intra-Articular Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Elbow Osteoarthritis in Dogs: A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Vet Sci. 2019;6:474. doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00474
  15. Kim S, Elam L, Johnson V, et al. Intra-Articular Injections of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells vs. High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid in Dogs With Osteoarthritis: Exploratory Data From a Double-Blind, Randomized, Prospective Clinical Trial. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:890704. doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.890704
  16. Kim TY, Kim NH, Chae JA, et al. Evaluation of cognitive and mobility function in geriatric dogs following treatment with stem cell and stem cell extracellular vesicles derived from embryonic stem cells: a pilot study. Front Vet Sci. 2025;12:1549870. doi:10.3389/fvets.2025.1549870
  17. Kim YS, Kim YI, Koh YG. Intra-articular injection of human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells in beagles with surgery-induced osteoarthritis. Knee. 2021;28:159-168. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2020.11.021
  18. Koga Y, Fujiki M, Hifumi T, Moriwaki E, Chiba S, Misumi K. A preliminary study of synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for canine osteoarthritis. Res Vet Sci. 2025;196:105897. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105897
  19. Kriston-Pál É, Haracska L, Cooper P, Kiss-Tóth E, Szukacsov V, Monostori É. A Regenerative Approach to Canine Osteoarthritis Using Allogeneic, Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Safety Results of a Long-Term Follow-Up. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:510. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00510
  20. Kriston-Pál É, Czibula Á, Gyuris Z, et al. Characterization and therapeutic application of canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells to treat elbow osteoarthritis. Can J Vet Res. 2017;81(1):73-78.
  21. Li X, Jian X, Yan Z, Liu H, Zhang L. Multiple Intra-Articular Injections of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Canine Osteoarthritis Treatment. Cells. 2025;14(5):323. doi:10.3390/cells14050323
  22. Maki CB, Beck A, Wallis CBCC, et al. Intra-articular Administration of Allogeneic Adipose Derived MSCs Reduces Pain and Lameness in Dogs With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Double Blinded, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:570. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00570
  23. Marx C, Silveira MD, Selbach I, et al. Acupoint Injection of Autologous Stromal Vascular Fraction and Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Treat Hip Dysplasia in Dogs. Stem Cells Int. 2014;2014:391274. doi:10.1155/2014/391274
  24. Muir P, Hans EC, Racette M, et al. Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Molecular Markers of Inflammation in Dogs with Cruciate Ligament Rupture. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0159095. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159095
  25. Olsen A, Johnson V, Webb T, Santangelo K, Dow S, Duerr F. Evaluation of Intravenously Delivered Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Elbow Osteoarthritis in Dogs: A Pilot Study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2019;32(3):173-181. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1678547
  26. Olsson DC, Teixeira BL, Jeremias TDS, et al. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue at the hip joint of dogs with osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Res Vet Sci. 2021;135:495-503. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.014
  27. Punzón E, Salgüero R, Totusaus X, et al. Equine umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate safety and efficacy in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(15):1947-1955. doi:10.2460/javma.22.06.0237
  28. Sanghani-Kerai A, Black C, Cheng SO, et al. Clinical outcomes following intra-articular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs characterized by weight-bearing asymmetry. Bone Joint Res. 2021;10(10):650-658. doi:10.1302/2046-3758.1010.BJR-2020-0540.R1
  29. Seo JH, Kim WK, Kang KW, Lee S, Kang BJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a canine cell model of osteoarthritis. J Vet Sci. 2024;25(5):e68. doi:10.4142/jvs.24147
  30. Shah K, Drury T, Roic I, et al. Outcome of Allogeneic Adult Stem Cell Therapy in Dogs Suffering from Osteoarthritis and Other Joint Defects. Stem Cells Int. 2018;2018:7309201. doi:10.1155/2018/7309201
  31. Srzentić Dražilov S, Mrkovački J, Spasovski V, Fazlagić A, Pavlović S, Nikčević G. The use of canine mesenchymal stem cells for the autologous treatment of osteoarthritis. Acta Vet Hung. 2018;66(3):376-389. doi:10.1556/004.2018.034
  32. Nicpoń J, Marycz K, Grzesiak J, Śmieszek A, Toker NY. The Advantages of Autologus Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AdMSCs) over the NSAIDs Application for Degenerative Elbow Joint Disease Treatment in Dogs — Twelve Cases. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2014;20(3):345-350. doi:10.9775/kvfd.2013.10105
  33. Tsai SY. Intra-articular transplantation of porcine adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis: A pilot study. World J Transplant. 2014;4(3):196-205. doi:10.5500/wjt.v4.i3.196
  34. Vilar JM, Batista M, Morales M, et al. Assessment of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic dogs using a double blinded force platform analysis. BMC Vet Res. 2014;10(1):143. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-10-143
  35. Vilar JM, Cuervo B, Rubio M, et al. Effect of intraarticular inoculation of mesenchymal stem cells in dogs with hip osteoarthritis by means of objective force platform gait analysis: concordance with numeric subjective scoring scales. BMC Vet Res. 2016;12(1):223. doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0852-z
  36. Vilar JM, Morales M, Santana A, et al. Controlled, blinded force platform analysis of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells associated to PRGF-Endoret in osteoarthritic dogs. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9(1):131. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-131
  37. Wits MI, Tobin GC, Silveira MD, et al. Combining canine mesenchymal stromal cells and hyaluronic acid for cartilage repair. Genet Mol Biol. 2020;43(1):e20190275. doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2019-0275
Rebecca Windsor DVM, DACVIM
Rebecca Windsor DVM, DACVIM

Vice President of Veterinary Affairs at Gallant

Dr. Rebecca Windsor, DVM, DACVIM, is a board-certified veterinary neurologist with over 20 years of clinical experience and a strong record of scientific publication. She joined Gallant in 2025 and serves as Vice President of Veterinary Affairs.

Dr. Windsor specializes in veterinary regenerative medicine, with a focus on advancing FDA-approved, off-the-shelf mesenchymal stem cell therapies for pets. She develops educational platforms that translate the science, safety, and clinical efficacy of stem cell therapy for veterinary professionals. Since 2019, she has served as a Clinician Scientist at Ethos Discovery, where she leads the neurology research portfolio.

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